Nanopore-based single molecular detection technology is a sensing technology that combines the advantages of simple operation, high sensitivity, fast speed, and no labeling. It is widely used in protein detection, gene sequencing, and marker detection. The cost, sensitivity and accuracy are the main challenges in developing such technology, and to develop new nanopore materials is the key to solve them. From the perspective of selecting and designing nanopore materials, the application status of three different nanopores: biological nanopore, solid-state nanopore and novel two-dimensional(2D) material nanopore in biomolecule detection are reviewed. Meanwhile, the differences between biological nanopores and solid-state nanopores are compared in details. The article also emphasizes the experimental and simulation research progress of 2D material nanopores in biomolecule detection. Finally, the future development of nanopore-based detection technology is also discussed.