Frequent offshore oil spill accidents, industrial oily sewage and the indiscriminate disposal of urban oily sewage have increasingly serious impacts on human living environment and health. The traditional oil-water separation methods not only cause easily environmental secondary pollution, but also lead to waste of limited resources. Therefore, how to efficiently and environmentally solve the problem of oily sewage has great significance. Physical filtration/adsorption is considered to be an efficient and environmentally friendly separation method. Based on bionics principle, many superoleophilic hydrophobic materials and superhydrophilic oleophobic materials which can be used for selectively physical oil-water separation have been prepared. The superoleophilic hydrophobic materials are easy to be polluted by oil, resulting in low reuse ability. In contrast, environment-friendly and self-cleaning superhydrophilic oleophobic materials usually have high reuse ability, thus having broad application prospects for oil-water separation. Based on the difference of base materials, the present paper mainly statues the recent advances and summarizes the advantages and disadvantages of metal and polymer-based superhydrophilic oleophobic materials, and the general direction and emphasis of superhydrophilic oleophobic materials are also proposed.

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