The Recovery and Recycling of Cathode Materials and Electrolyte from Spent Lithium Ion Batteries in Full Process
Deying Mu , Zhu Liu , Shan Jin , Yuanlong Liu , Shuang Tian , Changsong Dai
Progress in Chemistry ›› 2020, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (7) : 950 -965.
As a new type of energy storage devices with rapid development momentum, lithium ion batteries(LIBs)alleviate the dependence on fossil fuels in energy field and reduce the increasingly severe environmental pressure. A large number of spent lithium ion batteries are not only hazardous wastes, but also resources with high added value from different perspectives. Therefore, it is of great challenge and practical significance to realize high-efficient recycling and reuse of spent lithium ion batteries with progressively diverse components through innovation and combination of different technical means. Starting from the pretreatment process, the technical means and requirements of a series of processes such as deactivation and discharge, dismantling and classification, crushing and sieving, separation process, acid leaching and impurity removal are described in detail. This review discusses the typical strategies of reuse from three aspects and analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of various techniques in the process of material regeneration, structural repair and re-synthesis of cathode materials. In addition, the harmless treatment and recovery of spent electrolyte are discussed, especially the application of supercritical CO2 extraction process. Finally, the outlook is put forward in view of the existing problems at the present stage to provide references for subsequent research and industrial applications of spent lithium ion battery recycling.
1 Introduction
2 Overview of spent lithium ion battery recycling
3 Pretreatment of spent lithium ion batteries
3.1 Discharge and deactivation
3.2 Dismantling and classification
3.3 Crushing and sieving
3.4 Separation
4 Dissolution and purification of spent materials
4.1 Acid leaching process
4.2 Removal of impurities
5 Recycle and reuse of spent materials
5.1 Recovery of metals and raw materials
5.2 Direct regeneration of cathode materials
5.3 Re-synthesis of cathode materials
6 Non-hazardous treatment and recovery of spent electrolyte
6.1 Harmless disposal by conventional physical and chemical methods
6.2 Reclamation by supercritical CO2 extraction
7 Conclusion and outlook
spent lithium ion batteries / recovery and recycling / pretreatment / material synthesis / electrolyte / supercritical CO2 extraction
Foundation of Key Program of Sci-Tech Innovation in Ningbo(2019B10114)
University Nursing Program for Young Scholars with Creative Talents in Heilongjiang Province(UNPYSCT-2018138)
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