Under the background of limited petroleum reserves, the conversion of renewable biomass to valuable chemicals is undoubtedly an effective strategy to alleviate the current and future resource crisis. The green chemical industry based on biomass platform molecules is gradually replacing traditional petroleum chemistry. The value-added 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid(FDCA) fabricated from the selective oxidation of the bio-based 5-hydroxymethylfurfural(HMF) is considered as an important monomer in green polymer production, such as polyethylene 2,5-furandicarboxylate(PEF). The production of FDCA from HMF generally involves thermal-, electro-, photo-, and bio-catalytic methods. Thermocatalysis is prized for the high yield and purity of FDCA but suffers from the harsh conditions, limiting its application in industry. Electrocatalysis and photocatalysis become promising for HMF conversion to FDCA due to the effective utilization of electric and solar energy to generate abundant reactive species for oxidation. In addition, the biocatalytic processes produce FDCA under mild conditions with high selectivity, which is an important development direction utilizing the biomass resources effectively in the future, although the productivity is unsatisfied at this stage. In this review, we discuss various oxidation routes and the corresponding chemical mechanisms and comprehensively review the current progress on the production of FDCA from HMF, focusing on its development and challenges. Finally, we envisage the future of selective catalytic oxidation of HMF, which might be helpful for the researchers.