Advanced oxidation technology(AOPs) is a hot issue in current water treatment research, such as the representative Heterogeneous Fenton catalytic oxidation. It can generate active oxygen species such as hydroxyl radicals(·OH) during the reaction, which attack organic pollutants unselectively and gradually decompose organic macromolecules into small molecules, achieving the efficient removing of toxic and harmful pollutants. Compared with homogeneous Fenton reactions, heterogeneous Fenton reactions have various advantages, such as wide pH response, recyclability of catalysts, and no generation of iron mud. However, considering their intrinsic characteristics and limits of solid-phase catalysts, there are still some problems inhibiting the large-scale application, such as low activity under neutral conditions, low utilization of hydrogen peroxide(H₂O₂), and low conversion rate of Fe(Ⅲ)/Fe(Ⅱ). This article summarizes the heterogeneous Fenton reaction mechanism involving different active oxygen species as well as various heterogeneous Fenton catalysts and their applications in control of organic pollutants and provides a reference for continuing research on heterogeneous Fenton catalysts.