In recent years, both industry and academia have been focusing their attention toward the development of sustainable natural fiber composites. Basalt fiber(BF) is a kind of green, environmentally friendly natural high-performance inorganic fiber, which has the advantages of high strength, high modulus, high temperature resistance, acid and alkali resistance, heat and sound insulation, good thermal vibration stability, excellent dielectric properties, and low cost. And the basalt fiber reinforced polymer(BFRP) composites are widely used in aircraft, automobiles, ships, construction, petrochemical pipelines, and wind turbine blades, due to their excellent mechanical properties and designability. However, the poor compatibility between BF and polymer matrix leads to many defects and deficiencies in BFRP composites, and the insufficient interface strength and the fragile interface phase have been the bottlenecks restricting the development of basalt fiber reinforced resin-based composites. Therefore, various physical or chemical treatment methods have been developed to treat BF surface by investigators in order to enhance the interface interaction between BF and resins, thus improving the interface binding capacity of BFRP composites. The main research directions about BFRP composites and several common mechanisms of composite interface interaction are introduced. Furthermore, the research work on the interface reinforcement of BFRP composites in recent years is reviewed in detail. Finally, current problems and future perspectives are discussed.