As a typical representative of inorganic layered materials, layered double hydroxide(LDH) has attracted intensive interest in the well-established and advanced fields of applications. However, current studies on the function optimization of LDH mainly focus on tuning the composition, interlayer anions and particle size, ignoring the relationship between the morphology and property. This review starts with a brief introduction of the basic structure and property of LDH, and then summarizes the LDH synthetic methods of the traditional hexagonal platelets and novel morphologies like microspheres, nanocages, nanowires and nanorings. To improve the comprehensive performance of LDH composite materials, the construction mechanism has been deeply explored through controlling the reaction condition and formulation, as well as the surface property of matrix. In addition, we also discuss the potential applications of LDH composites in water remediation as the adsorbents, catalysts and separation materials. Finally, the present difficulties and development trends of controlling synthesis of LDH are prospected.