Condensed matter chemistry deals with the synthesis, the composition, the structure, the property, the interaction and the chemical reaction of condensed matter. The research of an unusual type of natural condensed matter, biomineral, has greatly extended the scope of condensed matter chemistry. These biominerals are always grown via non-classical pathways under ambient but complex conditions. The well-designed hierarchical structures, which have evolved for millions of years, endow them with superior performance by taking advantage of the interfacial interactions between different condensed matters that comprise these biominerals. In this review, we elaborate some extraordinary mechanisms involved in the formation and transformation of biominerals, and analyze the new features of the syntheses and chemical reactions of condensed matters. We also introduce the applications of condensed matter chemistry supported by the research of biominerals. We conclude by proposing problems to be solve in the future and prospects of condensed matter chemistry research of biominerals.