The escalating misuse of antibiotics has led to increasingly severe bacterial resistance， posing a major challenge to global public health. Multi-target antibacterial strategies have garnered significant attention over traditional single-mode approaches owing to their effectiveness in mitigating resistance development. Plant polyphenols are crucial natural building blocks for synergistic anti-resistance systems， due to their multifaceted antibacterial actions such as disrupting cell membrane integrity， inhibiting DNA replication and interfering with energy metabolism. Recently， the antibacterial activity against drug-resistant bacteria， chemical stability and targeting ability of plant polyphenol materials have been significantly enhanced through nanotechnology strategies， such as coordination with metal/non-metal ions， structural functionalization， and biomimetic/smart design. This review systematically elucidates the mechanisms of bacterial resistance and summarizes the research progress in combating drug-resistant bacteria through polyphenol-based strategies， focusing on their physical combinations and their composite formulations with organic， inorganic， and organic-inorganic nanomaterials. Furthermore， it proposes novel design strategies for combating antibiotic-resistant bacteria and future development directions， aiming to provide insights for the innovative development of anti-infective drugs and functional materials.