Biodegradable superabsorbent polymers （SAPs） are known for their high swelling capacity and strong biodegradability. However， they suffer from insufficient mechanical properties. Spherical SAPs， on the other hand， exhibit better mechanical properties and thus hold more advantages in applications. This paper first briefly introduces the research progress of biodegradable superabsorbent polymer microspheres from three aspects： natural polymer-based， organic-inorganic composite-based and synthetic polymer-based. Subsequently， it focuses on the preparation methods， discussing commonly used inverse suspension polymerization， emulsion polymerization and dispersion polymerization. The scope of application， principles， advantages and disadvantages， and current research status of each method are summarized. Based on this， the paper introduces the recent combination of spherical technology and radiation polymerization for the preparation of biodegradable superabsorbent polymer microspheres. Finally， the application status and prospects of biodegradable superabsorbent polymer microspheres in the fields of agriculture and forestry， construction， and medical and health care are presented. The conclusion points out that the future research trend of biodegradable superabsorbent polymer microspheres lies in the in-depth study of organic-inorganic composite SAP and the exploration of new and eco-friendly synthesis pathways.