Faced with increasingly serious surface pollution and high cleaning and maintenance costs, the development of coating materials with self-cleaning functions has become an important research direction in surface engineering and environmental protection. Titanium-based photocatalysts have become core components for constructing efficient self-cleaning coatings due to their excellent photocatalytic activity and stability. In view of this, this review summarizes the latest research progress in self-cleaning coatings based on titanium-based photocatalysts. First, the types of commonly used titanium-based photocatalysts (titanium oxides, titanates, titanium-based metal organic frameworks, etc.) and their photocatalytic mechanisms are outlined. Secondly, this review focuses on three types of titanium-based self-cleaning coatings: superhydrophilic, superhydrophobic and superamphiphobic. It discusses their construction principles, self-cleaning mechanisms and performance influencing factors, including the energy band structure and micromorphology of the photocatalysts, as well as the surface chemical state and geometric morphology of the coating. Meanwhile, the corresponding control strategies and typical applications in the fields of construction, transportation, outdoor equipment, textiles and other fields are also explored. Finally, the main challenges faced by current titanium-based self-cleaning coatings in practical applications are summarized, such as long-term stability, light response range limitations, and multi-functional synergy, and its future development trends are prospected. Therefore, this review aims to provide theoretical reference and practical guidance for research and applications in this field.